What is a jumbo loan?
A jumbo loan is a residential mortgage above the FHFA conforming loan limit. In 2026, the conforming limit is $832,500 in most counties and up to $1,248,750 in high-cost counties (Hawaii, Alaska, and select coastal counties in CA/NY/MA/MD/DC where 150% of the baseline applies). Anything above the applicable county ceiling is jumbo and is underwritten under private (non-agency) standards.
How much down do I need on a jumbo?
On owner-occupied 1-unit purchases, full-doc jumbo programs go to 90% LTV with lender-paid mortgage insurance (LPMI) above 80%, but the cleanest pricing comes at 80% or below. Bank statement and asset-depletion jumbos cap at 80%–85%. Above $3M, expect 25%+ down. Second homes and investment-property jumbos require larger down payments — 20%–35% depending on program.
Are jumbo rates higher than conforming?
Sometimes — but the gap has narrowed dramatically since 2020. Full-doc jumbo at 80% LTV with 740+ FICO often prices within 0.125%–0.250% of conforming, and occasionally undercuts it. Alt-doc jumbo (bank statement, asset depletion) runs 0.50%–1.50% higher than full-doc jumbo. The largest pricing penalties show up above 80% LTV (LPMI built into the rate) and on cash-out refinances.
How much in reserves does a jumbo loan require?
Standard full-doc jumbo programs require 6–12 months of PITIA in liquid reserves at 80% LTV, and 12–24 months above 80% or on loan amounts over $2M. Alt-doc programs typically want 12+ months. Retirement assets (IRA, 401(k)) usually count at 70% of pre-tax balance for borrowers under 59½. Reserves are calculated after the down payment, closing costs, and any cash needed for funding the loan.
Can I get a jumbo loan if I am self-employed?
Yes. The full-doc path works if your tax-return income supports the DTI. If write-offs make full-doc unworkable, the bank statement jumbo and asset-depletion jumbo programs solve for that — same flexibility as the smaller-loan-amount non-QM versions, just sized up. We pull both quotes side-by-side and let the cheaper one win.
What is LPMI and how is it different from conventional PMI?
Lender-paid mortgage insurance (LPMI) is built into the rate rather than charged as a separate monthly premium. The lender pays the MI company a single up-front premium at closing and prices the rate to recover that cost over time. The trade-off: LPMI cannot be cancelled — the only way to remove it is to refinance once you reach 80% LTV. On jumbo, this is usually how MI structures above 80% — borrower-paid PMI is rare.
Can I do a cash-out refinance on a jumbo?
Yes, but with tighter LTV caps than rate-and-term. Most full-doc jumbo programs cap cash-out at 75% LTV; alt-doc cash-out caps at 70%–75%. Cash-out also typically adds 0.25%–0.50% to the rate vs rate-and-term. Use it for debt consolidation, business funding, investment property purchases, or major liquidity events — but the math has to clear the higher pricing.
Is a jumbo loan riskier than a conforming loan?
For the borrower, no — the underwriting is actually tighter. The risk story is on the lender side: jumbos cannot be sold to Fannie or Freddie, so the originating lender or the private investor who buys the loan holds the credit risk. That is why credit, reserve, and DTI standards run tighter than conforming. From the borrower's perspective, a clean full-doc jumbo at 75%–80% LTV is among the safest loan profiles in residential lending.